Solitaire...
In the gaming community this title is arguably the most recognizable of all games.
Solitaire has a history dating back to the mid 18th century. The first written record is 1783 when it appeared in a German book of games. Different languages attached different names - Britain referred to the game as "Patience". The French used the word "Success" (translation reussite) and Polish, Norwegian and Danish used the word "Kabal" or "Kabala" (translation secret knowledge) Today we refer to the most popular version as "Klondike" which is said to be a result of the layout resembling the form of the "Klondike" mountain. (1)
In the 1980's solitaire acquired a new venue. Computer games became popular and solitaire was the most popular of those early games. The computer removed the need to shuffle and deal the cards and one never lost a card from the computer deck.
Solitaire is defined by Wikipedia as "any tabletop game which one can play by oneself or with other people." (2)
The basic premise of Solitaire was to deal a portion of the deck on 7 foundation piles. Starting with the first pile the first card dealt is face up and the other 6 are face down. The next pile starts with a card face up on the second pile and the rest are face down. This method of dealing the cards continues with the first card dealt face up on the next pile and the balance face down until the 7th pile has a card dealt face up. The rest of the cards are dealt in groups of three on to a discard pile. The object is to add to each pile either one card higher or lower and the opposite suit color. The objective is to start a separate pile for each suit with the ace and build to the king by manoeuvring the cards on the 7 piles to expose the next required card for the suit piles.
From there several different styles evolved. Free Cell uses the same procedure but when one of the seven piles is cleared the only card that can be added is a king and it builds down to the ace for the suit piles. Spider solitaire has three levels of difficulty: using one suit and moving up to three suits. The object is to build from the king to the ace. As each suit is completed it is removed from the play board, making the balance of the game progressively easier.
The game site iwin (a company specializing in computer games) has developed a Solitaire game as a spinoff of their Jewel Quest series of match three games. The current offering is Jewel Quest III and it combines an updated version of Solitaire that expands the playing field with extra pile locations.
The game site pogo (also a game developer for computer games) has developed a series of Solitaire games the are unique to their site. They include such versions as rainy day solitaire which adds piles to be dealt face up so one can choose which pile to use, an extra pile for sorting the cards into suits and 2 extra free cells to better manipulate the cards into suits working from the king to ace. Aces up uses only 4 piles and the object is to remove all of the cards except for the ace. Anything higher than that is removed if the ace is open. If not the cards are removed if the higher value card of the same suit is exposed. There are several other variations on the basic premise of creating the suit, either from king to ace or vice versa.
As computer games become more sophisticated solitaire can expect to evolve since it has become so popular that computer systems are set up with an operating system that includes at least one version of Solitaire. It has been an instrument in teaching children to count and when first invented was even interpreted by fortune tellers. Who would have guessed that 52 cards could become so important in our evolution?
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